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Introduction: Textual Controversies, Textual Communities  MICHAEL VAN DUSSEN and PAVEL SOUKUP 1

Academic Circles: Universities and Exchanges of Information and  Ideas in the Age of the Great Schism R.N.SWANSON 17

Opera omnia: Collecting Wyclif s Works in England and Bohemia ANNE HUDSON 49

Textual Transmission, Variance, and Religious Identity among Lollard Pastoralia FIONA SOMERSET 71

Verses on the Effects of the Eucharist: Memory and the Material Text in Utraquist Miscellanies LUCIE DOLEZALOVA 105

The Council of Basel and Distribution Patterns of the Works of Jean Gerson DANIEL HOBBINS 137

Wandering Heretics, Wandering Manuscripts:  The Case of the Waldenses (Fifteenth to Seventeenth Centuries) MARINA BENEDETTI 171

Aristotle s Tetragon: Compilation and Consensus during the Great Schism  MICHAEL VAN DUSSEN 187

The Anti-Waldensian Treatise Cum dormirent homines: Historical Context, Polemical Strategy, and Manuscript Tradition GEORG MODESTIN 211

Theology goes to the Vernaculars: Jan Hus, 'On simony',  and the Practice of Translation in Fifteenth-Century Bohemia PAVLINA RYCHTEROVA 231

Tars Machometica' in Early Hussite Polemics: The Use and Background of an Invective PAVEL SOUKUP 251

University-Learning, Theological Method, and Heresy in Fifteenth-Century England KANTIK GHOSH 289

Philological Practice and Religious Controversy: Erasmus, Critical Reader of the Vulgate and Patristic Texts MARIE BARRAL-BARON 315

 alla quarta di copertina: This book gathers new work by scholars who share a common interest not only in the controversial texts of the period between 1378 and 1536, but also in how the use, geographical movement, and manipulation of texts contributed materially to the formation of groups and group identities. The period covered spans the traditional medieval/early modern divide and the concomitant transition from manuscript to print. The years between the eruption of the Great Schism and the outbreak of European reformations witnessed unprecedented rifts in communities, institutions, and alliances. Yet while the crises of this period gave rise to division, they also prompted new groups to coalesce, resulting in realignments of communication networks, readership, and textual circulation in Europe. The Councils of Constance and Basel facilitated the production and dissemination of vast quantities of documents. Movements challenging the Roman Church and efforts to reform the Church from within provoked a torrent of persuasive and polemical writings which gained further momentum with the introduction of printing. These new situations also fostered the development and expression of group identities, defined by doctrine, opposition, vernacularity, and a burgeoning sense of national self-consciousness. Religious Controversy in Europe, 1378–1536 examines the textual and material circumstances of these developments.